I’ve got a new 600, and it does the same thing. I too sealed several joints with cement, but I still notice that smell occassionally, and like you, when the stove is damped down. Right or wrong, I’ve just accepted that this is “part of the deal” with a cast stove. When I had a steel stove, the same thing would happen periodically usually at the same times (damped down and poor weather for good draft), except then I could see that she would puff a little around the pipe joints. I guess it all boils down to the fact that under poor draft conditions (stove damped down, warm temps and/or humid outside) you are going to get a little smoke back in the house. The difference is that the cast stove may leak around panel joints; the steel stove is more apt to leak around the door or pipes since its joints are welded. Just the nature of the business in my opinion, no big deal in the big picture (as long as it is slight smoke odor like mine, and doesn’t affect burn performance).
As far as how to “fix” it, you can check for leaks with a cigarette lighter (flame will be drawn into joint if leak) and seal, but I’m not sure if you can identify every one or potential one. My “fix” whether it was my old steel or new cast, is to open it up a tad more to improve draft conditions. Will end up getting same burn as normal damped down, since draft is down anyway. At least that works for me!