If the temp is climbing past the "operate catalyst" zone then you need to either feed it less wood or give it a bit more primary air before cutting it back. Can you describe a little more about your operating procedure and everything you did before the temp gets that high. If the griddle is only 450, then it sounds like either you cut back primary air too early or your wood is wet.
I don't get the propane torch sound on my VC stoves but I don't operate them without the catalyst so that could be the difference. So far nothing you've described sounds particularly concerning to me except the combustion chamber temps.
Surface temperatures on the stove exterior will vary widely and that's why you always have to specify, griddle temp, flue temp, etc. 300 degrees from griddle to flue collar is not uncommon.
The griddle also will read low if you shoot it with an IR gun because of the finish.
Cleared ash, left char clups, emptied ash pan. Usually, I do the top down fire starting, but this time I did the campfire/log cabin bit to build a coal base using kindling. 20min or so later, pushed the coals to the back and added 2 larger, 2x16-ish splits in a cross and let them burn to coals. after about an hour, pushed the coals and unburnt wood to the back and added 4 splits ranging from 2inches to 5 inches. The cat probe was in the white zone (only zone on the probe) so I closed the damper and every 5 min adjusted the air control lever 1 click back., stopping at 5 clicks. So almost 2 hours from cold to this point. Way way too much time spent babysitting a stove in my opinion.
Air control on this stove is 9 positions. Full front is wide open, full back is closed.
Temp stabilized at 450 on the griddle, cat probe was in the white So I walked away. About an hour later, I could smell that acrid “hot metal” smell on the other side of the house, so I went to check. Stove was making that propane torch sound, griddle temp was 400, cat probe was pegged full right. Grabbed the IR gun and started checking temps in various places and found the flue collar at 700+ and the 1st tube of the stove pipe at 350 on the outside of the dual wall pipe.
The stove pipe is a 16 inch segment, 3 inch collar, 7 inch segment, collar, a 90 bend into a 45 bend then the wall.
The wood moisture probe was showing between 8% and 12% moisture.
The reason for the change in how I started it was becasue the manual ((broken link removed to https://downloads.hearthnhome.com/installManuals/3-90-586000c_Dauntless%20FlexBurn_Consumer.pdf)) listed this method. Figured why the heck not.