Is welding with 7018 electrodes a universal practice for wood-burning stoves?

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I doubt any manufacturers still stick weld stoves.
 
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For a repair 7018 would probably be my preferred method.

But no manufacturer uses 7018 anymore for building stoves. It'll be a wire feed process of some kind, likely pulsed spray transfer with solid or metal-core wire. Although standard short circuit will be used for lots of parts.

Laser welding is looking promising, just not sure it's being commercially used for woodstoves yet.
 
For a repair in the field, 7018 would be my preferred choice...no gas tanks, quicker to set up, one of the easier rods to run, etc.

If I were fixing something in the shop, wire feed would be my preferred choice. GMAW-P (Pulse) or GMAW-S (Short Circuit) with a 70 series wire would be the two transfers I would typically use. With GMAW-S (Short Circuit), I wouldn't recommend it on thicker materials (1/4" or bigger).

7018 stick rod is just a low hydrogen stick rod, a wire equivalent to that would be like a 70S-6. I can't see why they would use anything of a higher tensile strength.